Showing posts with label World War II. Show all posts
Showing posts with label World War II. Show all posts

2020-08-07

On 75th anniversary of A-bomb attacks on Japan we must accept that racism played role in US choice of Japan over Germany as first target

By Fareed Khan 

August 6th and 9th marks the 75th anniversary of the United States committing the single worst act of racist state terrorism in history.  These are the dates in 1945 when the US dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.  The US justified the use of atomic weapons as the quickest way to end the war with Japan without incurring thousands of American casualties to conquer the Japanese homeland.  However, this was not the view held by US military leaders, and President Harry Truman’s military advisors were ultimately overruled by Truman’s political advisors about using the A-bomb against Japan.The two bombings collectively killed 225,000 people immediately and in the days and weeks that followed, as well as an additional 200,000 more people by 1950.  These numbers don’t include the tens of thousands who lived with lifelong physical injuries and cancers resulting from radiation exposure that eventually took their lives in subsequent decades.

The decision to target Japan rather than Germany was made on September 18, 1944, a time when the war in Europe was still raging.  No one at the time could predict that by the spring of 1945 Nazi Germany would surrender and the war in Europe would be over.  Therefore it begs the question why only Japanese targets were selected rather than targets in Germany for the first use of these new weapons. 

 
The overwhelming majority of citizens of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were women, children and the elderly, not involved in any way in the Japanese military.  This alone should raise questions about the rationale and justification put forth by advocates of using America’s ultimate weapon against targets that were essentially defenceless and without any significant military value.
 
The answer lies in the dehumanization of the Japanese as part of US war propaganda, and the virulent racism targeting all things Japanese.  By the time the summer of 1945 arrived the US government had spent three and a half years putting out racist anti-Japanese propaganda to instill a sense of nationalism in all Americans to support the war effort.  The fact that this propaganda portrayed the Japanese as a sub-human society without a sense of humanity resulted in Japanese Americans (who had no real ties to Japan) being stripped of their property and possessions and imprisoned in American concentration camps after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour.
Despite this racist propaganda, many U.S. politicians, scientists and military experts came forward in the months and weeks before the bombs were dropped to state that the war could be ended quickly without the use of the atomic bombs.  Admiral William Leahy, President Truman’s Chief of Staff, wrote in his 1950 memoir I Was There that, “The use of this barbarous weapon at Hiroshima and Nagasaki was of no material assistance in our war against Japan. The Japanese were already defeated and ready to surrender . . . in being the first to use it, we . . . adopted an ethical standard common to the barbarians of the Dark Ages. I was not taught to make war in that fashion, and wars cannot be won by destroying women and children.
 
Others who counselled President Truman against dropping the atomic weapons on Japan included: General Dwight Eisenhower, Supreme Allied Commander in Europe; General Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Allied Commander in the Pacific; General Curtis LeMay, future head of the U.S. Air Force; Navy Secretary James Forrestal; former President Herbert Hoover; Albert Einstein; and some of the lead scientists of the Manhattan Project.
 
In a visit to President Truman a couple of weeks before the bombing, General Dwight D. Eisenhower urged him not to use the atomic bombs given that the Japanese had indicated they were willing to surrender. In a 1963 interview in Newsweek Eisenhower said,“It wasn’t necessary to hit them with that awful thing . . . to use the atomic bomb, to kill and terrorize civilians, without even attempting [negotiations], was a double crime.” 
 
War is state terrorism on an epic scale but the perpetrators rarely if ever see the inside of a court or are convicted for their crimes. In this instance it was American state terrorism fuelled by a virulent racist hatred towards the enemy, that resulted in the US imprisoning tens of thousands of its own citizens for the mere fact that they shared the Japanese ancestry of their enemy, and justifying the nuclear incineration of two Japanese cities which ultimately resulted in more than 400,000 civilian deaths by weapons of mass destruction. 
World War 2 was an act of terrorism initiated by Nazi Germany but involving most of the nations of the world. The decisions by both the Allies and the Axis powers to target civilians in their military strategy were criminal acts of terrorism, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and violations of the 1899 and 1907 Hague Conventions, and the 1925 Geneva Protocol.  America's decision to target Hiroshima and Nagasaki with their atomic bombs, where the majority of victims were civilians, were not only violations of these treaties but were in effect acts of state terrorism.
 
History is written by the victors in that the most egregious and criminal acts of the victor nations are rarely if ever brought to light or prosecuted.  The US and its World War 2 allies wrote the history of the atomic attacks on Japan to put the US in the most positive light. However, anyone who seeks the truth will discover that nations that create empires build those empires on the bodies of the innocent, and on foundations infused with lies to hide their war crimes. 
 
The reality is that US President Harry Truman, who had the final say on going ahead with the attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, was a racist war criminal and should be remembered as such.  He was the leader of a terrorist state which chose to target its non-white enemy (Japan) rather than its white enemy (Nazi Germany) when the decision was being made on where to use America’s new weapon.  He chose targets that were civilian, primarily populated with women and children, and he pushed forward with the attacks despite the advice of his most senior military advisors, and many prominent Americans and senior statesmen. 
 
Of all the nations on Earth, the US is the Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde of the world. On the one hand it holds itself up as the beacon of democracy, human rights and freedom, and on the other hand it undermines democracy, violently violates human rights, and destroys the freedom of people in other nations in support of its own political or economic interests, or if foreign governments dare to challenge the US. For modern examples all you have to do is look at Iraq, Afghanistan, Iran, and Venezuela. 
 
It seems that if you are not an ally or friend of the US, the only way to keep them from interfering in your nation's business or violating your sovereignty is to do like North Korea and build your own nuclear weapons – the very weapons that made the US a terrorist state in the first place. 
 
The US is the only nation in the world that has used nuclear weapons against an adversary.  It did so because its president was a virulent racist, who accepted America’s racist propaganda which had dehumanized all Japanese into caricatures that were sub-human ogres without a shred of civility or humanity.  This made it easier to move forward with the plan to bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki despite the better judgment of his military leaders, who believed that the surrender of Japan could be achieved without targeting women and children.  The fact that Truman went ahead with the plan says much about him as a person, and about the racist mindset of the political advisors that surrounded him who encouraged him to do so.
 
As the world marks the 75th anniversary of the nuclear attacks by the US on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, let us never forget the racist mass murder committed on these two days.  Ultimately it was hate that won day when thousands of Japanese civilians in those two cities were incinerated in the 6000°C fireball created when the bombs exploded.  Let us hope that no nation that possesses nuclear weapons ever gives in to such hate again, and for the sake of humanity let us hope we live to see the day when nuclear weapons are eliminated from the Earth.
 
© 2020 The View From Here.  © 2020 Fareed Khan.  All Rights Reserved.

 

2019-08-10

A glimpse of nuclear terror and horror on a day that Japan will never forget

By Fareed Khan

On August 6th and August 9th, 1945 the United States committed the single worst act of terrorism in history when it dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. While it was justified as an act of war, the overwhelming majority of victims were civilians – men, women, children who were not involved in any way in the Japanese military.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YYicqammozc&feature=youtu.be
This clip from the 1983 Japanese animated movie “Barefoot Gen” about the Hiroshima attack gives a glimpse into the horror and terror that the civilian population of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were subjected to when the U.S. dropped its atomic bombs on Japan.

The US justified its use of atomic weapons by claiming it was the only way to end the war with Japan without sustaining many thousands more American casualties. Many U.S. politicians, scientists and military experts came forward before the nuclear attack to state that the war could have been ended quickly without the use of the atomic bombs. They included:
  • Admiral William Leahy, chief military advisor to Presidents Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman; 
  • General Dwight Eisenhower, Supreme Allied Commander in Europe; 
  • General Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Allied Commander in the Pacific; 
  • General Curtis LeMay, future head of the U.S. Air Force; 
  • Navy Secretary James Forrestal; 
  • former President Herbert Hoover; 
  • Albert Einstein; and
  • Some of the lead scientists of the Manhattan Project.
In a personal visit to President Truman a couple of weeks before the bombing, General Dwight D. Eisenhower urged him not to use the atomic bombs. Eisenhower said (in a 1963 interview in Newsweek):

“It wasn’t necessary to hit them with that awful thing . . . to use the atomic bomb, to kill and terrorize civilians, without even attempting [negotiations], was a double crime.”

The death toll in the days, weeks and months after those nuclear attacks resulted in a conservatively estimated 150,000 dead in Hiroshima and 75,000 dead in Nagasaki. In the decades following the attacks, tens of thousands of the survivors died from various cancers as a result of exposure to radiation.

War is state terrorism on an epic scale but the perpetrators rarely if ever see the inside of a court or are convicted for their crimes. World War 2 was an act of terrorism instigated by Germany but involving most of the nations of the world. The decisions by both the Allies and the Axis powers to target civilians in their military strategy were criminal acts of terrorism, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and violations of the 1899 and 1907 Hague Conventions, and the 1925 Geneva Conventions.  America's decision to target Hiroshima and Nagasaki with their atomic bombs, where the majority of victims were civilians, were acts of terrorism and unspeakable evil.

History is written by the victors in that the most egregious and criminal acts of the victor nation are rarely if ever brought to light or prosecuted.  The US and its World War 2 allies wrote the history of the atomic attacks on Japan to put the US and the Allies in the most positive light. However, anyone who seeks the truth will discover that nations that create empires build those empires on foundations of evil and the bodies of the innocent.

The reality is that US President Harry Truman, who had the final say on going ahead with the attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, is a war criminal and should be remembered as such. And the United States is a terrorist state not just for what they did at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, but also for their actions in the 70+ years following World War 2 where they have (directly and indirectly) attacked any nation that dared to oppose their foreign policy, challenged their economic hegemony, or stood in the way of their global ambitions.

Of all the nations on Earth, the US is the Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde of the world. On the one hand it holds itself up as the shining light of democracy, human rights and freedom, and on the other hand it undermines democracy, violently violates human rights, and destroys the freedom of people in other nations whose governments dare to stand up to the US. For modern examples all you have to do is look at Iraq, Afghanistan, Iran, and Venezuela.

It seems that if you are not an ally or friend of the US, the only way to keep them from interfering in your nation's business or violating your sovereignty is to do like North Korea and build your own nuclear weapons – the very weapons that made the U.S. a terrorist state in the first place.

To date the US is the only nation that has used nuclear weapons against an adversary. As the world marks the 74th anniversary of the 1945 attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, let us hope and pray that no other nation ever becomes the second.

© 2019 Fareed Khan.  All rights reserved.

2014-08-11

69 years and Counting: Looking Back At Hiroshima and Nagasaki

By Fareed Khan
 
August 6th and August 9th marked the 69th anniversary of the dropping of atomic bombs by the United States on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.  The days came and went this year with little political or public commentary on two of the most horrific events in the history of war.
 
 
Conservative estimates of the death toll in the days and weeks after the bombing are approximately 150,000 dead in Hiroshima and 75,000 dead in Nagasaki.  However, in the years that followed survivors of the bombings began to die as a result of various cancers, bomb-related diseases and injuries resulting from radiation exposure and physical trauma. It is estimated that by 1950, 200,000 more people from the two cities had died.  And of those survivors who did not die, many became victims of various types of cancers as they aged.

While the U.S. justified its use of atomic weapons by claiming it was the only way to end the war with Japan without sustaining many thousands more American casualties  Many experts, politicians,and scientists came forward before and after the bombings to state that the war could have been ended quickly without the use of the atomic bombs and that Japan was on the cusp of surrendering at the time the decision was made to use the weapons.

Among the critics of the decision were: Admiral William Leahy, chief military advisor to Presidents Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman; General Dwight Eisenhower, Supreme Allied Commander in Europe; General Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Allied Commander in the Pacific; General Curtis LeMay, future head of the U.S. Air Force; Navy Secretary James Forrestal; former President Herbert Hoover; Albert Einstein; as well as a number of the lead scientists of the Manhattan Project.

DWIGHT EISENHOWER
Supreme Allied Commander in Europe
"Japan was already defeated and dropping the bomb was completely unnecessary . . . I thought that our country should avoid shocking world opinion by the use of a weapon whose employment was, I thought, no longer mandatory as a measure to save American lives. It was my belief that Japan was, at that very moment, seeking some way to surrender with a minimum loss of 'face'.”

ADMIRAL WILLIAM D. LEAHY
Chief of Staff to Presidents Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman
"It is my opinion that the use of this barbarous weapon at Hiroshima and Nagasaki was of no material assistance in our war against Japan. The Japanese were already defeated and ready to surrender because of the effective sea blockade and the successful bombing with conventional weapons."

HERBERT HOOVER
Former President of the United States
On May 28, 1945, Hoover visited President Truman and suggested a way to end the Pacific war quickly: "I am convinced that if you, as President, will make a shortwave broadcast to the people of Japan - tell them they can have their Emperor if they surrender, that it will not mean unconditional surrender except for the militarists - you'll get a peace in Japan - you'll have both wars over."

GENERAL DOUGLAS MacARTHUR
Supreme Allied Commander in the Pacific
MacArthur biographer William Manchester has described MacArthur's reaction to the issuance by the Allies of the Potsdam Proclamation to Japan: "...the Potsdam declaration in July, demand[ed] that Japan surrender unconditionally or face 'prompt and utter destruction.' MacArthur was appalled. He knew that the Japanese would never renounce their emperor, and that without him an orderly transition to peace would be impossible . . . Ironically, when the surrender did come, it was conditional, and the condition was a continuation of the imperial reign. Had the General's advice been followed, the resort to atomic weapons at Hiroshima and Nagasaki might have been unnecessary."

Today, almost seven decades later, it's difficult to imagine why a country would justify unleashing the horror of such weapons on anyone.  And while no nation other than the United States has used nuclear weapons against an adversary, the nine nuclear nations of the world combined sit on a stockpile of nuclear weapons many times more powerful than those dropped on Japan.  If even a fraction of these weapons were ever used they would render the Earth uninhabitable to almost all life on this planet. In total the nuclear nations of the world possess 17,300 nuclear warheads among them with Russia (8,500 warheads) and the United States (7,700 warheads) accounting for 92% of that number.

As this anniversary passes and the 70th anniversary of the bombings approaches next year let us hope that the campaign initiated in 2007 to declare nuclear weapons illegal under international law gains momentum and reaches a point where that goal can be achieved.

“Nuclear abolition is the democratic wish of the world's people, and has been our goal almost since the dawn of the atomic age. Together, we have the power to decide whether the nuclear era ends in a bang or worldwide celebration.”
~ Archbishop Desmond Tutu 

Related:
* Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 69 Years Later

NOTE: All links in this article were current and working at the time of posting.  If any links no longer work please post a note and the problem will be corrected where possible.

© Fareed Khan.  All Rights Reserved.

2013-02-24

Shedding Light On American Society's Myths About U.S. History

In "Society Must Be Defended", Michel Foucault wrote that the winners of a social struggle or armed conflict use their political dominance to suppress a defeated adversary's version of historical events in favour of their own propaganda.  It is likely the basis of the expression “history is written by the victor” (which has frequently been attributed to Winston Churchill).  This history is then perpetuated through what is taught in schools and, in the modern era, through portrayals of historical events on TV, in film and the mass media.

One of the countries that has done a remarkable job at writing history from the victor’s perspective is the United States, especially as it concerns the events encompassing the period between World War II and the present -- the period which has seen the creation of the "American Empire".  Some of the popularly held beliefs of history from a U.S. perspective are that: the Americans have been the “good guys” in any international conflict; atom bombs had to be dropped on Japan to save American lives; and the U.S. is an example to the world of a free and democratic society that values civil liberties and human rights.

Lifting the veil from many of these and other popularly held beliefs about U.S. actions in the historical events of the past 70 years seems to be the intent of a new documentary by Academy Award-winning film-maker Oliver Stone and historian Peter Kuznick.  The 10-part series called Oliver Stone’s Untold History of the United States is being broadcast by the U.S. cable channel Showtime.  The series challenges the basic narrative about the place of the U.S. in the world that have come to be accepted by most Americans.

Drawing on archival findings, old movie clips and recently declassified documents, the film-makers critically examine U.S. history, from the atomic bombing of Japan to the Cold War, to the fall of communism, and continuing all the way through to the Obama administration.  Much of what is challenged is regularly taught in American schools and has become part of the national mythology of the United States.  During the making of the series the film-makers discovered that the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were militarily unnecessary and morally indefensible.  They also propose that the Soviet Union, not the U.S., was ultimately responsible for defeating the Germans in World War II.  And, they assert that the United States, not the Soviet Union, bore the lion’s share of responsibility for perpetuating the Cold War.  In addition, the documentary found that U.S. presidents have frequently trampled on the Constitution and international law, especially in wartime, and they note the United States has brought the world dangerously close to nuclear war repeatedly by brandishing nuclear threats.

In addition, Stone and Kuznick produced a 750-page book, The Untold History of the United States as a companion to the documentary.  Together, the two works are meant to "challenge the basic and commonly held narratives about U.S. history . . . of American altruism, benevolence, devotion to liberty and justice."  All myths which, Stone says, are comforting to most Americans but are actually "harmful, noxious and polluted", and leave Americans in the dark about the truth of their nation’s history and its place in the world. 

Reaction to the documentary has been mixed.  Glen Greenwald, a journalist with The Guardian highly recommended the series and book describing it as "riveting", "provocative" and "worthwhile".  Former President of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev wrote approvingly of the book stating that, “Such a perspective is indispensable at a time when decisions are being taken that will shape America's role in the global world of the twenty-first century. At stake is whether the United States will choose to be the policeman of a "Pax Americana", which is a recipe for disaster, or partner with other nations on the way to a safer, more just and sustainable future." 

In November 2012 Ronald Radosh, an adjunct fellow historian with the conservative Hudson Institute, lambasted the documentary as "mendacious" Cold War revisionism and "mindless recycling of Stalin's propaganda.”  And journalist Michael C. Moynihan criticized the book for "moral equivalence between the policies of the psychotically brutal Soviet Union and the frequently flawed policy of the United States."

The first three episodes of the documentary series premiered at the New York Film Festival on October 6, 2012.   The series premiered on the Showtime cable channel on November 12, 2012.

For anyone who does not accept the sanitized, censored and rosy version of America's role in the key historical events of the last 70+ years, a version that has been constantly presented to the U.S. population through the American school system, by the corporate media, Hollywood, and the U.S. government, then this is a documentary that comes highly recommended.

To watch an interview about the series with the Oliver Stone and Peter Kuznick, click here.

Related Articles & References:
Pax Americana and the Weaponization of Space (Video)
* Oliver Stone: America is an “outlaw nation”
* The End of Pax Americana: How Western Decline Became Inevitable
* A People's History of the United States
* The sun never sets on the American Empire
* Goodbye, Pax Americana
* Preserving Pax Americana: Defence Reform for the Unipolar Moment
* The Story of American Revisionism (Excerpted from Why American History Is Not What They Say: An Introduction to Revisionism)
* The American Empire Project
* Could Oliver Stone's Exposé of the American Empire Help Press the UN to End Haiti Cholera?
* How America Became an Empire
* 7 Chomsky quotes that expose the American empire
* 8 striking parallels between the U.S. and the Roman Empire


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